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Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is a betaretrovirus which is the causative agent of a contagious lung cancer in sheep called Jaagsiekte, or Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (OPA).
==Natural history==
JSRV is the virus that is the etiologic agent responsible for contagious lung tumors in sheep called Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma (OPA) .The disease was called “Jaagsiekte”, after the Afrikaans words for “chase” (''Jaag'') and “sickness” (''siekte''), to describe the respiratory distress observed in an animal out of breath from being chased indicating the breathing difficulty that infected sheep have . Transmission of virus is through aerosol spread between sheep.
The exogenous infectious form of JSRV has an endogenous counterpart which is present in the genomes of all sheep and goats.〔York DF ''et al'' (2003) A history of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (jaagsiekte) and experiments leading to the deduction of the JSRV nucleotide sequence. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 275:1–23. (12596893 )〕 The sheep genome has around 27 copies of endogenous retroviruses (enJSRVs) that are closely related to JSRV. Endogenous JSRV has several roles in the evolution of the domestic sheep as they are able to block the JSRV replication cycle and play a critical role in sheep conceptus development and placental morphogenesis.〔Arnaud F ''et al'' (2008) Coevolution of endogenous betaretroviruses of sheep and their host. CMLS 65(21):3422–3432 (18818869 )〕
Although OPA resembles human lung cancer, human lung cancer is not known to be caused by betaretroviruses.〔Hopwood ''et al'' (2010) Hum Pathol. Absence of markers of betaretrovirus infection in human pulmonary adenocarcinoma. 41(11):1631–40 (20825971 )〕 Even though a possibility of viral etiology has been eliminated in bronchoalveolar cancer, understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to the transformation of lung epithelia by JSRV may be of interest in the context of therapeutic approaches in human lung cancers in general and bronchoalveolar adenocarcinoma (BAC) in particular.〔Leroux C ''et al'' (2007) Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV):from virus to lung cancer in sheep. Vet Res 38 211–228 (17257570 )〕
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